ON THE ORIGIN OF THE TRANSLATION SYSTEM AND THE GENETIC CODE IN THE RNA WORLD BY MEANS OF NATURAL SELECTION, EXAPTATION, AND SUBFUNCTIONALIZATION

On the origin of the translation system and the genetic code in the RNA world by means of natural selection, exaptation, and subfunctionalization

Abstract Background The origin of the translation system is, arguably, the central and the hardest problem in the study of the origin of life, and one of the hardest in all evolutionary biology.The problem has a clear catch-22 aspect: high translation fidelity hardly can be achieved without a complex, highly evolved set of RNAs and proteins but an

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Fracture propagation law of temporary plugging and diversion fracturing in shale reservoirs under completion experiments of horizontal well with multi-cluster sand jetting perforation

This study conducted temporary plugging and diversion fracturing (TPDF) experiments using a true triaxial fracturing simulation system within a laboratory setting that replicated a lab-based horizontal well completion with multi-cluster Walker/Rollator Accessories sand jetting perforation.The effects of temporary plugging agent (TPA) particle size,

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